{"id":990,"date":"2021-05-10T17:29:27","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T15:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/?p=990"},"modified":"2022-05-06T11:12:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T09:12:05","slug":"unifying-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/2021\/05\/10\/unifying-the-universe\/","title":{"rendered":"Unifying the Universe"},"content":{"rendered":"

T<\/span>hinking up a single theory that explains everything within the physical world is what seems to drive several theoretical physicists. From the dynamics of the largest cosmological structures down to the twists and turns of quantum systems at the smallest of scales.<\/p>\n

The leading position in the search for a unifying mathematical scheme is arguably occupied by string theory<\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200aan overarching theoretical framework that conjectures one-dimensional vibrating strings as the most fundamental components of the Universe.<\/p>\n

This article throws some light on another, more controversial contender, namely Garrett Lisi\u2019s Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything.<\/p>\n

Unifying What?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The toughest hurdle along the way towards unification is supposedly epitomized by the quest of consistently marrying quantum mechanics and Albert Einstein\u2019s theory of general relativity across the entire energy spectrum.<\/p>\n

The natural laws that predominately describe the behaviour of systems at short distance scales (atomic and subatomic levels) are called quantum mechanics, and they underpin the workings of the Standard Model<\/a> of Particle Physics, which brings together all currently known particles and their interactions\u200a\u2014\u200aexcept for gravity\u200a\u2014\u200aunder one theoretical roof.<\/p>\n

In fact, quantum mechanics is only part of the full conceptual framework that underlies the Standard Model, i.e., quantum field theory<\/a>, which envisages particles as energy fields stretched across space rather than point-like objects. According to this theory, a particle is manifested as a local excitation of its accompanying quantum field. The various fields that are incorporated within the Standard Model are fermions (the matter particles), gauge bosons (the carriers of the forces), and the Higgs field.<\/p>\n

Fermions can be subdivided into leptons<\/a> (the electron, the muon, the tau, and the corresponding neutrinos) and quarks<\/a> (there are six: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom). Moreover, the leptons and quarks are set up in three generations (see Fig. 1)\u200a\u2014\u200athe masses generally increase as one moves up a generation in ascending order. Given the high stability of first-generation fermions, ordinary matter is made exclusively of electrons, up quarks, and down quarks.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 1\u200a\u2014\u200aThe Standard Model of particle physics. The right-hand side of the image mentions the hypothesized quantized gravitational field (the graviton), which currently falls beyond the scope of the Standard Model. (Source:\u00a0CERN<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

Gauge bosons<\/a> organize the interactions between fermions\u200a\u2014\u200aand sometimes among themselves\u200a\u2014\u200aand are referred to as force carriers since they mediate the forces (the interactions) between fermions. In that respect, the Standard Model accounts for three of the four fundamental forces of nature: electromagnetism (mediated by photons), the weak force (mediated by W and Z bosons), and the strong force (mediated by gluons)\u200a\u2014\u200agravity being the fourth one and is not part of the Standard Model.<\/p>\n

All the particles in the Standard Model furthermore possess an anti-particle<\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200athey have the same quantum properties as the original particle but with opposite electric charge; some particles are their own anti-particle\u200a\u2014\u200aand most of them come in left- and right-handed forms<\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200athe exact form is determined by the way in which an intrinsic property of the particle (the spin) is aligned with its direction of motion.<\/p>\n

Finally, the Higgs particle is responsible for endowing all the fermions\u200a\u2014\u200aexcluding the neutrinos\u200a\u2014\u200aand gauge bosons with mass<\/a> (and in some cases, a zero mass).<\/p>\n

At larger distance scales, the dynamics of physical systems are primarily explained by the concept of gravity, and the natural laws that matter the most towards this end of the spectrum are those described by the theory of general relativity<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In a nutshell, general relativity reveals that the quantity of mass present in a certain volume of space (the energy density) as well as the pressure that particles exert, can bend our four-dimensional spacetime (that is, three spatial dimensions and one time dimension). Conversely, a curved spacetime informs matter which trajectory to follow. The larger the mass or pressure, the stronger the curvature of spacetime.<\/p>\n

The effort of merging quantum field theory and general relativity constitutes an as yet insurmountable hurdle when we move to arbitrarily high energies, i.e., at and beyond the Plank scale<\/a> (the shortest of distances at which our current physical laws are no longer valid), because there is for the moment no agreement on the<\/em> theory of quantum gravity<\/a>,<\/p>\n

Such a theory would show how gravity behaves at short distances\u200a\u2014\u200aremember that ever shorter distance scales (the realm of quantum mechanics) are equivalent<\/a> to ever higher energies and that, as per general relativity, gravity is non-trivial in situations where extremely high energy densities are involved. Two cases where this becomes particularly relevant include the innermost part of a black hole<\/a> or the moment at which our Universe is created<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 2\u200a\u2014\u200aThe energy\/length scale of the Standard Model all the way up to the Planck region. [GUT = Grand Unification Theory; eV = electron volt; m = meter; h = Planck\u2019s constant; c = speed of light; E = energy (in eV)]. (Source: Adapted from nLab<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

Therefore, a theory of everything would be able to coherently fuse quantum field theory with general relativity across the full<\/em> energy spectrum. In other words, such a unified theory ought to make clear not only how to deal with gravity at quantum scales but also how quantum gravity is joined with the three fundamental forces of the Standard Model.<\/p>\n

Let us turn now to Garrett Lisi\u2019s theory of everything.<\/p>\n

Back to Our\u00a0Roots<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Garrett Lisi\u2019s Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything (a.k.a. E\u2088 Theory) combines<\/a> all the known fields and their interactions into one geometrical structure, called an E\u2088 principal bundle connection. This mathematical object together with its curvature clarify how the E\u2088 smooth manifold geometry\u200a\u2014\u200amore concretely, the associated E\u2088 root system\u200a\u2014\u200acan reproduce all fields and interactions in our familiar four-dimensional spacetime.<\/p>\n

Down the Rabbit\u00a0Hole<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In mathematics, a smooth<\/a> manifold<\/a> is considered a space of any number of dimensions which can be locally<\/em> approximated by Euclidean geometry\u200a\u2014\u200afor instance, the Earth\u2019s surface is a manifold since, locally, we experience it as a flat, two-dimensional plane, even though it really is the surface of a three-dimensional sphere, which falls out of the scope of Euclidean geometry. To be more precise, the underlying geometry of E\u2088 Theory is a Lie group<\/a>, which is a smooth manifold that is equipped with group operations, such as multiplication and taking the inverse.<\/p>\n

Mathematics furthermore tells us that a root system<\/a> is a set of vectors (such a set is also called a vector space) that span a finite-dimensional Euclidean space and come with certain geometrical properties, including a particular symmetry which leaves the root system unaltered under reflections (that is, mirror images)\u200a\u2014\u200aa vector is a physical quantity that exhibits both a direction and magnitude (velocity is an example, unlike temperature, which only has a magnitude and therefore known as a scalar) and in a root system vectors are referred to as roots.<\/p>\n

Specifically, the E\u2088 root system<\/a> consists of 240 roots of equal length, which span an eight-dimensional Euclidean space. Stated in a different manner, E\u2088 can be viewed as a geometrical object of 248 dimensions in mathematical space or, alternatively, as an eight-dimensional object containing 248 symmetries. In addition, this root system is deemed irreducible (fundamental, if you will); it cannot be assembled from root systems with a lower dimension.<\/p>\n

What is more, being also a simple Lie algebra<\/a>, which is special kind of vector space embedded within its Lie group, the E\u2088 root system is classified as one of the five exceptional categories of simple Lie algebras. Hence the tongue-in-cheek name the Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything.<\/p>\n

According to general relativity, a connection<\/a> is a mathematical object that transports vectors between nearby points of the manifold\u200a\u2014\u200amore accurately, between the tangent spaces of these points. By relying on these connections, the curvature of the manifold then spontaneously manifests itself by means of the Riemann tensor\u200a\u2014\u200aa tensor is the generalization of a vector.<\/p>\n

If we place the concept of a connection in the context of Lie groups and Lie algebras, then we obtain something named the principal bundle connection<\/a>, which is the starting point of the E\u2088 Theory. One way in which this theory reflects mathematical unification is the fact that the geometry of general relativity is absorbed within principal bundle geometry. This means that the notion of curvature within general relativity can be recovered from the equations of E\u2088 Theory.<\/p>\n

If we put the above mathematical machinery to work, this unifying 248-dimensional geometrical framework spits out all the particles and the interactions of the Standard Model as well as the gravitational field, as schematically depicted by Fig. 3.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 3\u200a\u2014\u200aThe E\u2088 root system, with each root assigned to an elementary particle field. For instance, the two yellow-coloured circles in the innermost circle of particles represent the two W bosons, and the green circles at the top and bottom of the image represent the gravitational field. Triality symmetry is indicated by the grey lines. (Source: Paper Garrett\u00a0Lisi<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

Lisi\u2019s model also purportedly unveils a symmetric link between the three generations of fermions (see Fig. 1) called triality. This symmetry involves rotations by 120\u00b0 that leave the E\u2088 root system invariant, and fermions of different generations are related by what is known as triality partners. Lisi himself admits<\/a>, however, that the nature of the relationship between physical particles and triality partners is not yet entirely understood.<\/p>\n

Another aspect of the E\u2088 Theory is that it predicts the existence of 20<\/a> new particle fields. Two of them (designated as Pati-Salam particles; the two white-coloured circles in Fig. 3) are acting on right-handed fermions whereas the remaining 18 particles (they are scalar fields; the red, blue, and green squares in Fig. 3) come in three generations and interact with both quarks and leptons\u200a\u2014\u200athese 18 particles might elucidate the differences in mass among the three generations of fermions.<\/p>\n

Moreover, it turns out that some of these new particles may qualify as axion<\/a>s, which are a candidate for dark matter\u200a\u2014\u200athis unknown type of matter would explain<\/a>, for instance, why rotating galaxies have not yet flown apart. It must be pointed out though that so far none of these new fields have been detected.<\/p>\n

\"The

Fig. 4\u200a\u2014\u200aThe coupling constants for the four interactions (relative values indicated between parentheses). The Planck scale sits at the energy levels where all the four forces would combine into a theory of everything (TOE). [EM = electromagnetism; GUT = Grand Unification Theory]. (Source: Adapted from jobilize<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/figure>\n

Apart from unifying all fields and interactions, an additional perk that emerges from this all-encompassing geometric description of nature includes the unification of the coupling constants at high energies\u200a\u2014\u200athese constants represent the relative strength<\/a> of the four fundamental forces (interactions). Put differently, the forces converge to the same strength and become unified into one single force.<\/p>\n

For the electroweak interactions (electromagnetism and the weak force combined) and the strong interactions, this convergence would occur at the grand unification (GUT) scale, whilst we would need to push the energies all the way up to the Planck scale in order to factor in gravity as well (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 4).<\/p>\n

What is more, E\u2088 Theory suggests that the Higgs field gives rise to both a positive cosmological constant and the masses of the particles. The cosmological constant discloses the amount<\/a> of the energy density of empty space (vacuum), and observations indeed hint<\/a> at a (small) positive value. Not only that, this constant has been associated with dark energy<\/a>, which accounts for the accelerated expansion of our Universe.<\/p>\n

Here Come the\u00a0Critics<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Notwithstanding this unifying effort, not everyone is enticed by the theory\u2019s explanatory power. The most elaborated criticism is formulated by Jacques Distler and Skip Garibaldi who present a mathematical proof showing<\/a> that the attempt of embedding gravity and the Standard Model within the E\u2088 framework fails to deliver a sufficient number of roots (also called weight vectors) to fully reconstruct the three generations of fermions of the Standard Model.<\/p>\n

Phrased in another way, Distler and Garibaldi claim that such embedding results in the production of non<\/em>-chiral matter (also known as mirror fermions), which is not what we observe in our physical reality\u200a\u2014\u200achirality means that left and right representations of fermions couple differently<\/a> to the forces (or simply put: a chiral fermion is not<\/em> identical to its mirror image).<\/p>\n

\n

\"The

Fig. 5\u200a\u2014\u200aThe mirror image of a chiral fermion is not identical to the original fermion, as its spin is reversed. (Source: Adapted from Matthew Francis<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/figure>\n

According to Sabine Hossenfelder, before E\u2088 Theory can be used to make predictions, at least two issues<\/a> must be smoothened out: a cosmological constant with a too large a value and the absence of a dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism\u200a\u2014\u200aroughly speaking, symmetry breaking<\/a> refers to the situation whereby a high-energy symmetric system evolves into more definite, low-energy states, e.g., the Higgs field is responsible for breaking the symmetry of the electroweak interactions and subsequently giving mass to the W and Z gauge bosons (which can be regarded as the definite states of the symmetry breaking).<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 6\u200a\u2014\u200aThe symmetry breaking mechanism of the Higgs field for the electroweak interaction. (Source:\u00a0ipmu<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

Hossenfelder also draws attention to the fact that E\u2088 Theory says nothing about how the concept of gravity would be translated into the language of quantum mechanics. In fact, although the E\u2088 framework is compatible<\/a> with the methods of quantum field theory, Lisi acknowledges<\/a> that establishing a quantum description of his model currently remains<\/a> an open question.<\/p>\n

Some more pushback is expressed\u200a\u2014\u200awith some voices more pronounced than others\u200a\u2014\u200aby John Baez, who conveys some doubts about the choice<\/a> of the mathematical methods put in place to combine fermions and bosons; by Graham Collins, who goes one step further by reporting that the joining of fermions and bosons cannot possibly be done in a Lie group as it lacks<\/a> the appropriate, detailed mathematical foundation; by Peter Woit, who states that the underlying problems are not being addressed because invoking large Lie algebras just replaces<\/a> the issue of unification with the question of what breaks the large symmetry; and by Lubos Motl, who idiosyncratically disagrees<\/a> with the whole approach.<\/p>\n

There is even a bachelor student, Kevin Dijkstra, who uses his bachelor thesis (under the supervision of P.M. Visser) to demonstrate the failure of identifying an adequate mathematical map<\/a> between the Standard Model and the E\u2088 root system such that the four charges of the three fundamental forces of the Standard Model correspond to a sufficient number of vectors in E\u2088\u200a\u2014\u200athese four charges are the weak isospin charge (related to the weak force), the weak hypercharge (related to the electromagnetic force), and the two colour charges g3 and g8 (related to the strong force).<\/p>\n

A Theoretical Renaissance<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Nevertheless, there are also researchers who are polishing up the E\u2088 geometrical model by tweaking and recalibrating different parts of the structure. For instance, Lee Smolin, Simone Speziale, and (obviously) Garrett Lisi confront<\/a> the concern with dynamical symmetry breaking\u200a\u2014\u200aone of the main obstacles brought up by Sabine Hossenfelder\u200a\u2014\u200amaking equally sure that gravity can be coherently coupled to the other forces.<\/p>\n

To answer to the objection of aggregating fermions and bosons into one mathematical structure, Urs Schreiber and other mathematicians examine<\/a> the feasibility of using this liaising structure and do in fact not rule out its application. From a different perspective, Lee Smolin explores<\/a> an alternative approach for the incorporation of fermions within E\u2088 Theory, based on a specific notion of locality (referred to as disordered locality) that is borrowed from one of the principal candidates for the theory of quantum gravity, i.e., loop quantum gravity<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Roberto Percacci furthermore shores up<\/a> the consistency of Lisi\u2019s theoretical framework by pinpointing a loophole in an important mathematical theorem (the Coleman-Mandula theorem). That is, since the vacuum state of E\u2088 Theory\u200a\u2014\u200aa vacuum state is a state of minimal energy, a.k.a. the ground state\u200a\u2014\u200ais of a different kind (i.e., de Sitter space) than the one postulated<\/a> in the assumptions of the theorem (i.e., flat space), the author maintains that at the moment of unification (before symmetry breaking) E\u2088 Theory falls beyond the scope of the theorem, thus clearing the way for gravity to be unified with the other forces.<\/p>\n

In a more general context, Roberto Percacci and Fabrizio Nesti propose that fermions can retain<\/a> their essential characteristic of chirality even when moving towards higher levels of unification. As this goes straight to the heart of the criticism articulated by Distler and Garibaldi, these findings might help to solidify E\u2088 Theory.<\/p>\n

As a matter of fact, building on the insights of Percacci and Nesti, Garrett Lisi goes on to show<\/a> in another researcher paper that the act of inserting gravity and the Standard Model into E\u2088 holds water mathematically. Even though the model still generates mirror fermions (non-chiral matter), Lisi surmises that they could nonetheless exist in nature and possess high masses (which explains why they have not been detected yet) and potentially play a role<\/a> in the explanation of the existence of the three generations of fermions interconnected via triality symmetry (which is considered rather speculative).<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 7\u200a\u2014\u200aThe E\u2088 root system, with two different rotations introduced between the two subalgebras G2 and F4. (Source: Paper Garrett\u00a0Lisi<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

Unifying Reverberations<\/strong><\/h5>\n

All these discussions around and reactions to Lisi\u2019s E\u2088 Theory have also inspired several researchers to develop or expand other unifying theoretical frameworks to describe our physical world. Matti Pitk\u00e4nen, for one, investigates<\/a> how the element of unification offered by E\u2088 Theory could interrelate with the theory of topological geometrodynamics<\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200athis is the study that explicates spacetime solely in terms of geometry (this explicit model deviates<\/a> from general relativity) and wishes to merge the four forces.<\/p>\n

While Pitk\u00e4nen argues that Lisi\u2019s model cannot be saved, it would however bring insights into a particular symmetry between eight-dimensional geometries and eight-dimensional numbers (called octonions<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Another bolt of inspiration, this time striking Shuichiro Teramachi, leads to the design of a unified field theory\u200a\u2014\u200apublished in a paper titled \u2018An Exceptionally Beautiful Theory of Everything\u2019, as a pun on the title of Lisi\u2019s original paper\u200a\u2014\u200athat amalgamates<\/a> conceptual ideas presented by Garrett Lisi and Cohl Furey.<\/p>\n

By leaning on Furey\u2019s octonionic ladder system<\/a>\u200a\u2014\u200awhich is based on mathematical operators (ladders) used<\/a> in quantum field theory\u200a\u2014\u200aand Lisi\u2019s E\u2088 Theory, Teramachi aims for a unification of the Standard Model and quantum gravity (which would answer one of the criticisms on Lisi\u2019s work enunciated by Sabine Hossenfelder). In his model, the link between fermions and bosons is accomplished by supersymmetry<\/a> rather than triality (as per Lisi\u2019s theory).<\/p>\n

A third unifying idea, elaborated by Raymond Aschheim, posits that fundamental elements of pure information (called trivalent graphs) embedded in a four-dimensional diamond-like geometry give rise<\/a> to the 240 E\u2088 roots uncovered in Lisi\u2019s framework, thereby reproducing all particles and interactions. In addition, general relativity can be recovered by weaving loop quantum gravity into this model.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n
\"The

Fig. 8\u200a\u2014\u200aThe crystal-based information model by Raymond Aschheim. (a): The lattice of trivalent graphs. (b): A supernode, with 3 bits at the centre, reflecting the 3 particle families as well as a fermion, boson, or photon state. (c): Fermion encoding for a corresponding E\u2088 root; it includes 3 bits for a gluonic index (red, green, blue) and 3 bits for the higgsonic index (cyan, magenta, yellow). (Source: Paper Raymond Aschheim<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n

In Aschheim\u2019s information-based lattice structure, the information is carried by bits\u200a\u2014\u200awhich hold a value of either 0 or 1\u200a\u2014\u200athat sit at the nodes or connection points within the trivalent graphs. As a result, a space equipped with curvature can be constructed, emulating a gravitational field.<\/p>\n

Raymond Aschheim also works with Klee Irwin and Marcelo Amaral to tie aspects of the E\u2088 unification program with the geometric structure of loop quantum gravity\u200a\u2014\u200athis structure is referred to as spin foam\u200a\u2014\u200awith the objective of devising<\/a> a unified framework for quantum gravity.<\/p>\n

Exceptionally Infinite<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Perhaps all the efforts hitherto invested to obtain a theory of everything are in vain, if we heed the thoughts of Frank Close, who likens the levels of our physical reality with the layers of an onion and claims<\/a> that their number might well turn out to be infinite.<\/p>\n

Be that as it may, given our exceptionally developed predilection towards finding connections and patterns in the world around us, the human mind\u2019s inquisitiveness will most likely continue to fuel our fascination with a theory of everything.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s see what the next wave of inspiration brings for Garrett Lisi.<\/p>\n

\n

Back to Articles<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thinking up a single theory that explains everything within the physical world is what seems to drive several theoretical physicists. From the dynamics of the largest cosmological structures down to the twists and turns of quantum systems at the smallest of scales. 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Greater coordination increases policy efficiency, enhancing our quality of life. In addition, we would be increasingly regarded as a coherent bloc of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Social Sciences"","block_context":{"text":"Social Sciences","link":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/category\/social-sciences\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Making the European Union Whole Again","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Making-the-EU-whole-again.png?fit=1042%2C529&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Making-the-EU-whole-again.png?fit=1042%2C529&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Making-the-EU-whole-again.png?fit=1042%2C529&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Making-the-EU-whole-again.png?fit=1042%2C529&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1086,"url":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/2021\/11\/27\/are-we-living-in-a-timeless-universe\/","url_meta":{"origin":990,"position":5},"title":"Are We Living in a Timeless Universe?","author":"Olivier Loose","date":"november 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"We are inescapably confronted with time on a daily basis. It assists us in organizing our lives, for the better or worse, and we have also grown comfortable with dividing our sense of time in three main blocks: a past, a present moment, and a future. Time is so intrinsically\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Theoretical Physics"","block_context":{"text":"Theoretical Physics","link":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/category\/theoretical-physics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Time","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Time.png?fit=1200%2C609&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Time.png?fit=1200%2C609&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Time.png?fit=1200%2C609&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Time.png?fit=1200%2C609&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/acircleisround.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Time.png?fit=1200%2C609&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=990"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1628,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/990\/revisions\/1628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acircleisround.com\/nl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}